n是一个的正整数
x^n -1
=(x-1)[ x^(n-1) + x^(n-2)+....+1]
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n是一个奇数
x^n +1
=(x+1)[ x^(n-1) -x^(n-2) +x^(n-3) +......+ 1]
e.g
x^5+1 =(x+1)(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1)
x^n-1可分解为(x-1)[x^(n-1)+x^(n-2)+…+x+1],应用的话,比方说解方程x^3-1=0可分解为(x-1)(x^2+x+1)=0