提出封闭式提问的目的在于,一是限制被访者回答的范围,控制采访的走向,二是封闭式提问常用在采访者和被访者熟悉的过程中,以简单的选择来引导下一步的话题。如果一个采访中全是封闭式提问,必将很无趣,或者压迫感很强,有时被访者的想法不能充分发掘,但也有强势采访的成功案例;封闭式提问也能作为记者掌握主动权的有效利器,与开放式提问配合使用达到良好的采访效果。这是个换位思考的提问,本身提得就很好。下面来说说如何应对记者的提问。先来看一则名嘴Larry King采访”媒体之王“Howard Stern的片段:KING: It had to be humiliating.STERN: No, it doesn't have to be humiliating. It might be something that we didn't want to share. It could be a secret, it could be .KING: A disease. Might have a disease.STERN: Could be a disease. Could be that dreaded disease that you have. I might get it too. You don't know. But Larry……(Stern开始了他的辩解)好的封闭式提问必须建立在对被访者十分了解的基础上。King对于Stern即将要说的内容有一定的预测,并且大胆讲出来给被访者施压。访谈对双方而言是相辅相成的,采访者想要用尖锐的问题激发跳脚的答案让节目好看,被访者需要在访谈的平台上宣传自己。所以,即使遇到封闭式问题,也要将其引导到自己想要说的内容上:KING: I mean, you want the show to be into you.STERN: No, that's -- that's not it. That's not what I'm saying. You know, the guy who replaced me in New York, David Lee Roth.when a guest comes in, I think the reason people might think I'm a good interviewer is that I'm genuinely curious about a person. I don't make judgments. If somebody's a stripper, that's great. If someone's a prostitute.I myself don't really have outrageous behavior, I don't think. But I'm a voyeur.即使King的提问很有激发性,Stern显然是有备而来。关键时刻把卖弄自己的本领秀出来。所以,接受一个采访之前有必要看一下采访提纲,并且规划好自己所要展示的面。如果你事先准备好一二三,在记者的狂轰滥炸下拐个弯说你的三二一也未尝不可。比如你是一家面临食品安全公关危机的食品公司新闻发言人,记者问问题食品有没有下架?你回答下架了还是没下架?其实情况很混乱,可让记者看出来你百爪挠心你就歇菜了。于是你将公司的召回制度介绍了一番,决策层的决心渲染了一番,配合工商质检检查的过程大义凛然一番,处理的进度汇报一番。回答记者提问不仅仅是答案本身,而是要通过采访的形式表达你的公众形象。因此,被牵着鼻子走不可取,死念通稿也不可取。在封闭式提问下,仅仅回答是或否,有或没有而不加以引导性的阐述,双方都输了。结果可能是记者挖掘更骇人的新闻点,被访者被曲解。对话是一种双赢形式,如果在回答末了你同样抛给记者问题,也许还能抢抢主导的风头,最好不过是不卑不亢,共同探索问题的核心。
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