如果有可比性的话，两者是都有自己、亲自的意思，但用法不同:
oneself_百度翻译
[英] [wʌnˈself][美] [wʌnˈsɛlf]
pron.
自己，自身; 亲自，自行; 其; 亲手;
[例句]
It is a very rewarding exercise to work this out oneself
独自解决这个问题是一次受益匪浅的锻炼。
同一句用后者就要
It is a very rewarding excercise to work out on his own.
要加个on
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