affecting the process of communication作定语
修饰one of a series of related developments
如果是在句末做状语的话 应该用逗号隔开
即
Specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science ，affecting the process of communication.
专长是一系列相关影响沟通的过程中，在科学发展的只有一个。
句子中 affecting the process of communication 是状语
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